Table of Contents
A Brief History of Radio Astronomy in the USSR
Preface to English Edition
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Radio Astronomy Studies at the Lebedev Physical Institute
1.1 The First Steps
1.2 The Crimean Station of the Lebedev Physical Institute 1952-1962
First Investigations of the Supercorona of the Sun
Further Development of the Work
Development of Methods and the Experimental Base
Continuation of Studies of the Solar Supercorona
Studies of the Crab Nebula
Studies of the Radio Emission of the Sun
Development of Radio Astronomy Spectroscopy
Ionospheric Studies Using Radio Astronomy Methods
Observations of the First Soviet Space Rockets
1.3 The Radio Astronomy Station in Pushchino. Founding and Development
The Moscow Division of the Radio Astronomy Section
Construction of the RT-22 Telescope. First Observations in Pushchino
Construction of the DKR-1000 Radio Telescope
Development of Studies Using the RT-22 in the 1960s and 1970s
Investigations Using the DKR-1000 Telescope and Radio-Relay-Linked Interferometer
The Large Scanning Antenna of FIAN
Modernisation and Automation of the Radio Astronomy Station
1.4 Radio Astronomy Studies in the Theoretical Physics Division
Theory of Cosmic Synchrotron Radiation
Theory of Radio Galaxies, Quasars and Their Variable Radio Emission
Radio Emission and the Nature of the Galactic Centre
Models for the Propagation of Cosmic Rays and the Background Radio Emission of the Galaxy
Active Processes. Radio Emission of the Sun, Neutron Stars and Pulsars
New Methods for Radio Astronomy Investigations
1.5 Radio Astronomy Space Studies in the Spectroscopy Laboratory
Chapter 2: Radio Astronomy Studies in Gorkii
2.1 The First Stage 1946-1957
2.1.1 Radio Telescopes and Radiometers
2.1.2 Radio Astronomy Observations
2.2 Development of Radio Astronomy at the Radio Physical Research Institute
2.2.1 The Zimenki Laboratory
2.2.2 The Karadag Radio Astronomy Station
2.2.3 The Staraya Pustyn' Radio Astronomy Station
2.2.4 The Vasil'sursk Laboratory
2.3 Main Directions for Radio Astronomy Research at NIRFI
2.3.1 Radio Astronomy Studies of the Moon
2.3.2 Radio Astronomy Studies of the Sun
2.3.3 Studies of the Radio Emission of Discrete Sources
2.3.4 Studies of the Polarisation and Spectrum of the Galactic Radio Emission
2.3.5 Studies of the Cosmic Microwave Background
2.4 Studies at Millimetre Wavelengths
2.4.1 Development, Study and Application of Radio Astronomy Methods
Radio Interferometry with Ultra-high Resolution
Radio Astronomy Methods for Studying Antennas
Radio Astronomy Methods for Analysing the Parameters of the Troposphere
Radio Astronomy Polarisation-Faraday Methods for Ionospheric Investigations Razin, Teplykh, Popova
Chapter 3: The Development of Radio Astronomy at the Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Space Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences
3.1 The Beginning of Radio Astronomy Studies at GAISH. Creation of the Department of Radio Astronomy
3.2 The First Ten Years of the Department of Radio Astronomy 1954-1964
3.3 The Search for Signals from Extraterrestrial Civilisations, and the RT-MGU and RATAN-600 Projects
3.4 Establishment of the Department of Astrophysics at IKI. Radio Astronomy at GAISH in the Transitional Period Second Half of the 1960s
3.5 Radio Astronomy Research at IKI
Space Radio Telescopes and Methods for Radio Astronomy Studies in Space
Very Long Baseline Radio Interferometry VLBI
Investigations of Rapidly Variable Processes Using Synchronous Observations
Submillimetre Astronomy
Radio Astronomy and Cosmology. Radio Astronomy Studies in the IKI Department of Theoretical Astrophysics
3.6 Radio Astronomy at GAISH in the Post-transition Period
Sky Surveys on the RATAN-600
Spectral Observations
Studies of Long-Wavelength Radio Emission
Moving into the Millimetre and Submillimetre Bands
Theoretical Studies
Chapter 4: The Department of Radio Astronomy of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences
4.1 Choosing a Research Direction. Principles Behind the Construction of Variable-Pro?le Radio Telescopes
4.2 Organisation of the GAO Department of Radio Astronomy
4.3 Development of Radio Astronomy Techniques and Methods
4.4 Radio Astronomy Investigations
4.5 Search for New Possibilities
Chapter 5: Radio Astronomy at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences
5.1 Formation of Radio Astronomy Departments and Laboratories of SAO and Their Functions
5.2 Creation of the RATAN-600
5.3 Beginning of Operation of the Radio Telescope
5.4 Radio Astronomy Observations on the RATAN-600
5.5 The Leningrad Science-Methodology Branch of the SAO
Chapter 6: Radio Astronomy at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR and Other Armenian Organisations
6.1 Formation and Development of the Department of Radio Astronomy of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, and Its Role in the Development of Radio Physics and Electronics in Armenia
6.2 Radio Telescopes of the BAO
6.3 VLBI Programme
6.4 BAO Participation in Work on the RATAN-600
6.5 Development of Radio Astronomy Methods and Instrumentation in the IRFE
6.6 Antenna Measurements at VNIIRI
6.7 Beginning of Radio Astronomy Observations at the BAO
6.8 Scienti?c Results
6.9 Scienti?c Connections Between the BAO and Both Other Soviet and Foreign Radio Astronomy Institutions
Chapter 7: The Development of Radio Astronomy at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Chapter 8: The Development of Radio Astronomy Research at the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR
8.1 History of the Development of Radio Astronomy in the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR
8.2 Decametre Radio Telescopes of the IRFE Radio Astronomy Division
8.3 Radio Astronomy Studies
Chapter 9: Radio Physical Studies of Planets and the Earth at the Institute of Radio Technology and Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences
9.1 Radar Astronomy
Creation of a Radar Installation for Planetary Studies
First Observations of Venus
Radar Observations of Venus in 1962
Observations of Mercury, Mars and Jupiter
Computer Reduction of the Observational Results
Joint Observations of Venus with Jodrell Bank Observatory
Observations of Venus and Mars During the Flight of Unmanned Spacecraft
Observations of Planets Using the New Radar Installation of the DSCC
Joint Re?nement of Astronomical Constants. Construction of a Uni?ed Relativistic Theory for the Motions of the Inner Planets
Investigations of the Integrated Characteristics of the Scattering of Radio Waves from Planetary Surfaces
Studies of the Absorption and Refraction of Radio Waves in the Atmosphere of Venus
9.2 Studies of the Earth and Planets Using Radio Physical Methods
Investigations Carried out Using Radio Waves Emitted by Spacecraft
Chapter 10: Radio Astronomy Studies of the Sun at the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Chapter 11: The Birth and Development of Radio Astronomy Studies of the Sun at the Siberian Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation
11.1 Organisation of the Department of Radio Astronomy
11.2 The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope
11.3 Research Directions
Chapter 12: Radio Astronomy at the Radio Astrophysical Observatory of the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences
Chapter 13: Radio Astronomy Research at Leningrad State University
13.1 Astrophysical Research
13.2 Studies of Solar-Terrestrial Connections
Index
